Additional Chronology Information for Kabre in Togo

Groups and Political Parties

ADT (Alliance of Togolese Democrats): Established in December 1990 and led by Dani Ife, the first opposition party in 24 years, not officially registered until April 1991.

CAR (Comite d'action pour le renouveau): Led by Yaovi Agboyibo, a southern based opposition party; Agboyibo won in his home town of Kouve in the parliament election in 1994.

CDPA (the Democratic Convention of Africa Peoples): Led by Paulin Lossou, a umbrella opposition organization operating in exile.

CFN (Coordination of New Forces): Established in June 1993, led by Prime Minister Koffigoh, composing of six opposition parties.

COD-2 (Collective of Democratic Opposition-2): Led by Leopold Gnininvich, an alliance which includes the Union of the Forces of Change (UFC, led by Gilchrist Olympio); Party of Democrats for Unity (PDU, led by Jean-Lucien Savi de Tome); Parti Democratique Togolais (PDT, led by Abou Djobo Bokari); and CAR (led by Yaovi Agboyibo); there is also Benin-based COD-2 parties.

MTD (Togolese Movement for Democracy): An umbrella opposition organization operating in exile.

RAPT (Rally of the Togolese People): Established in 1969 as the sole legal party; the former ruling party headed by President Eyadema; in theory it was dissolved in 1991, but it remains active. In the country's first multi-party parliamentary elections in February 1994 , the RAPT had won 33 of the 81 parliamentary seats.

ULI (Union of Independent Liberal): Established in November 1993, led by Jacques Amouzou; The ULI was founded together with the Togolese Alliance for Democracy (led by Ife Adani) with the aim of bridging the gap between the Eyadema's government and the COD-2.

UTD (Togolese Union for Democracy): Led by Edem Kodjo; Kodjo won in his Lome constituency (one of five constituencies in the capital) in the parliamentary election in 1994.